Ottoman Turkish Transcription-Transliteration Method

Consonants (Turkish, Arabic, and Persian)

’ or nil	ا
b, p (with 2 dots missing)	ب
p	پ
t	ت
s̱	ث
c, ç (with 2 dots missing)	ج
ç	چ
ḥ	ح
ḫ	خ
d	د
ẕ	ذ
r	ر
z	ز
j	ژ
s	س
ş	ش
ṣ	ص
ż	ض
ṭ	ط
ẓ	ظ
ʿ	ع
ğ	غ
f	ف
ḳ	ق
k, g, ñ	ک   (ك)
ñ	ڭ‎
g	گ
l	ل
m	م
n	ن
v (including silent و in Persian words, which may alternatively be indicated by superscript v if you prefer)	و
h	ه
y	ی
ʾ	ء

 Ottoman Turkish vowels

Back Vowels	a ı o u
Front Vowels	(ė) e i ö ü

Arabic vowels

Long vowels	â (آ ـَا)   á (ألف مقصورة) î (إیـ ـِـيـ ـِي) û (اُو ـُو)
Short vowels	a (أَ)    i (إِ)    u (أُ)

Persian vowels

Long vowels	â (آ ـا)   ê (ایـ ــیـ ـی) î (ایـ ــیـ ـی) ô (او ـو) û (او ـو)    Optional: Mechûl vowels, ê and ô, may be indicated. E.g., خویش as ḫvêş, rather than ḫvîş E.g., روز as rôz, rather than rûz Note: Persian non-specific state of noun indicated by suffix ـی was mechûl vowel ê , not î. E.g.,  قلمی (“a pen”) as ḳalamê. (Whereas ḳalamî means “having the quality of pen.”)
Short vowels	a (اَ)    i (اِ)    u (اُ)

Additional Notes for Ottoman Turkish:

(1) Non-Turkicization of Arabic and Persian consonants is required; Persian and Arabic long vowels are not to be transliterated as Turkish (short) vowels; Ottoman Turkish vowels are not to be transliterated as modern Turkish vowels. E.g., حَقّ as ḥaḳḳ, not ḥaḳ; كتاب as kitâb, not kitap; مراد as Murâd, not Murat; اولدی as oldı or öldi, not oldu or öldü.

(2) Only Perso-Arabic final ـه used to mark consonant is transcribed (as h), e.g., پادشاه as pâdişâh. Final Perso-Arabic ـه used to mark vowel is not transcribed, e.g., خانه as ḫâne, نامه as nâme.

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